SPORTS DENTISTRY BIBLIOGRAPHY & REFERENCES.
- Padilla R, Balikov S, Sports Dentistry Coming of
Age in the 90’s, Journal California Dental Association
April 1993 p27-34.
- Padilla R, Dorney B, Balikov S, Mouthgards-Prevention
of Oral Injuries, Journal California Dental Association,
March 1996, Vol 24, No.3.
- Bailey D Physical Activity and the Attainment of
Peak of Bone Mass in Children. The Australian Journal
of Science and Medicine in Sport, 26 March/June 94
(1/2) : 3-5.
- Tavener M, Payne W “The Effects of Participation
in a ‘Health of Primary Schools Program’
on the Physical Fitness of Children” The Australian
Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, September
1993 25 (3):84-85.
- Flanders Raymond A Mohandas BHAT The Incidence
of Oro Facial Injuries in Sport A Pilot Study in Ilinois
JADA Vol 126, April 1995, pp 491-6.
- Dental Injury Fact Sheet. National Youth Sports
Foundation for the Prevention of Athletic Injury Inc.
Needham, Massachusetts, C 1992.
- Reports of Councils and Bureau’s Mouth Protectors:
11 Years on JADA Vol 86 June 1973.
- Heintz W D Mouth Protection in Sports the Physician
of Sportsmedicine Vol 7 No 2 Feb 1979.
- Chapman PJ, Nasser B P Attitudes to Mouthgards
an Prevalence of Orofacial Injuries in Four Teams
Competing at the Second World Cup. British Journal
Sports Medicine 1993: 27(3)pp 197-199.
- Harmer P A “Protective Equipment in Womens
Lacrosse”. Sport Health Australian Vol 11,No.
3, pp14-17.
- Bolhuis J H A, Jeurs J M M, Floger G E Dental and
Facial Injuries in International Field Hockey British
Journal Sports Medicine Vol 21, No 4, Dec. 1987, pp
174-177.
- Upson N Dental Injuries and the Attitudes of Rugby
Players to Mouthgards British Journal Sports Medicine
Vol 16 No 4 December 1982, pp 241-244.
- Stokes A N, Chapman P J “Mouthgards, Dental
Traumas and the 1990 All Blacks: “New Zealand
Journal of Sports Medicine. Summer 1991, pp 66-67.
- Dennis C, Parker D A S, Mouthgards in Australian
Sport Australian Sport Australian Dental Journal,
June 1972, pp226-235.
- Chapman P J Conclusion in Contact Sports and Importance
of Mouthgards in Protection the Australian Journal
of Science and Medicine in Sport, March 1995, 23-27.
- Clegg J H, Letters to the Editor, British Dental
Journal 1966, October 4.
- Turner C H. Mouth Protectors British Dental Journal,
Vol 143 No 3, 1977 pp 82-86.
- Davis G T and Knott S C Dental Trauma in Australia,
Australian Dental Journal, August 1984. Vol. 29, No.
4, pp 217-231.
- Brisbane Australia Sunday Mail 25/06/95 Article
“Brisbane Schoolboy Swallows Mouthgard”.
- Guevara P A, Ranalli D N Techniques for Mouthguard
Fabrication Dental Clinics of North America, Vol 35,
No 4, Oct 1991, pp 667-67.
- Chaconas S J, Caputo A A, Bakke N K A Comparison
of Athletic Mouthguard Materials The American Journal
of Sports Medicine, 1985 Vol 13, No 3, pp 193-197.
- Pinkham J R, Kohn D W Epidemiology and Prediction
of Sports Related Traumatic Injuries, Dental Clinics
of America, Vol 35, No 4, October 1991, pp 609-625.
- Duda M Which Athletes Should Wear Mouthguards?
The Physician and Sports Medicines, Vol 15, No 9,
September 87.
- Stenger J.M., Mouthguards: Protection Against Shock
to Head Neck and Teeth, JADA 1964, 69:273-281.
- Hardcourt, J.K. Aust. Dent Journal, 1989:34:5 pp485.
- Hickey, Judson C., Morris, Alvin L., Carlson, Loren
D., Seward, Thomas E., the Relation of Mouth Protectors
to Cranial Pressure and Deformation, JADA, Vol. 74,
March 1967.
- Stenger, John M., Physiologic Dentistry with Notre
Dame Players, Basal Facts, Spring, 1977;2(1):8-18.
- Chapman J. Patrick, Football Club and Boxing Medical
Officer, Consultant Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon,
University of Queensland, Brisbane, Concussion in
Contact Sports and Importance of Mouthguards in Protection,
Australian Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport,
March 1995.
- Consumer Product Safety Commission Study, 1990.
- American Dental Association, Council on Dental
Materials, Mouth protectors and Sports Team Dentists.
JADA 1984;109:84-87.
- Hunter, Keith DDS, Practical Tips, Dental Outlook,
Volume 15, No.3, September 1988, Australia.
- Park et al, Methods of Improved Mouthguards, First
International Symposium on Biomaterials, Teajon, Korea,
August 1993.
- Biostar Machine. Great Lakes Orthodontics LTD,
199 Firetower Drive, Tonawanda, NY 114150.
- Signature Mouthguards Pty Limited, Peter Burns,
Managing Director. Level 1, 15 Carlotte Street, Artarmon
NSW 2064, Australia. 011-61-2-437-5600.
- Playsafe mouthguards, Erkodent, Peter Kopp, Managing
Director. Siemensstrasse 3, D-72285 Pfalzgrafenweiler.
011-49-7445/8501-0.
Manufactured in the U.S. by Glidewell Laboratories,
Newport Beach, California.
- Erkopress-2004, Erkodent, Peter Kopp, Managing
Director. Siemensstrasse 3, D-72285 Pfalzgrafenweiler.
011-49-7445/8501-0.
- Dreve, Volker DDS, Dreve-Dentamid GMBH, 59423 Unna,
Germany, Max-Planck-Strasse 31.
- NCAA Guideline 2F, Eating Disorders- Anorexia and
Bulimia. 1992-93 NCAA Sports Medicine Handbook Jan.
1986, revised June 1992 pg. 20-21.
- Manske, K.A.: Progress on Smokeless Tobacco Intervention
and the Use of Mint Snuff 1990-1992. Tobacco Intervention
Network Position Paper, Gresham, Oregon.
J.O. Andreasen and F.M. Andreasen: Essentials of Traumatic
Injuries to the Teeth. Munksgaard Publishing, 1991,
pp 11-12.
- Torg, J.S.: Athletic Injuries to the Head, Neck,
and Face. 2nd ed., Mosby Year Book, 1991, pp635.
- Bishop BM, Davies EH, von Fraunhofer JA: Material
for mouth protectors. J Prosthet Dent 1985; 53:256-261.
- Kranser P.: Treatment of Tooth Avulsion in the
Emergency Department: Appropriate Storage and Transport
Media; American Journal of Emergency Medicine. Vol.8,
No.4, W.B. Saunders Co., July 1990., pg 351.
- Andreassen J.O., Andreassen F.M.: Essentials of
Traumatic Injuries to the Teeth; Munksgaard, Copenhagen,
1991, pg 136.
- Kruger, G.O.: Textbook of Oral Surgery; The C.V.
Mosby Co., St Louis, Mo., 3rd ed. 1968,
p. 381.
- Handler, SD: Diagnosis and Management of Maxillofacial
Injuries, Chapter 40; Torg JS, Athletic injuries to
the Head, Neck, and Face; Mosby Year Book, 1991, pp628-631.
- Kruger, G.O.: Textbook of Oral Surgery; The C.V.
Mosby Co., St Louis, Mo., 3rd ed. 1968, pg 382.
- Fact Sheet, Baseball Injuries: National Youth Sports
Foundation for the Prevention of Athletic Injuries;
Needham, Mass., 1992.
Ranalli, DN: Prevention of Craniofacial Injuries in
Football; The Dental Clinics of North America, Sports
Dentistry; Vol 35, No.4, Oct. 1991, Saunders, pp635.
- Kerr, L.I.: Mouthguards for the Prevention of Injuries
in Contact Sports; Sports Medicine, 1986, pp 415-427.
- NCAA: 1992 NCAA Football Rules and Interpretations;
Overland Park, Kansas, 1992.
- Kuebker W., Morrow R., Cohen P.: Do Mouth-formed
Mouth Guards Meet the NCAA Rules? Physician and Sports
Medicine Vol. 14, No 6 June 1986 pp. 69-74.
- Holland G.J. et al: Custom vs. Commercial Mouthguard
Use; Effect on Exercise Metalbolic-Verilatory Response
of Trained Distance Runners, NSCA Journal of Applied
Sports Science Research, Vol. 3, 1989.
- Hildebrandt JR, Garner Nelson J: Mouthguard Protection
for Boxing; U.S. Olympic Committee, 1990.
- Ranalli DN: Prevention of Craniofacial Injuries
in Football; The Dental Clinics of North America,
Sports Dentistry; Vol.35, No.4, Oct. 1991, Saunders,
pp 636.
- Transmission of HIV-1 Infection via Sports Injury;
Lancet, May 5, 1990, pg. 1105.
- Seltzer DG: Educating Athletes on HIV Disease and
AIDS. Physician and Sports Medicine 1993;21 (1): pp
109-115.
- NCAA Guidelines 2H, AIDS and Intercollegiate Athletics.
1992-93 NCAA Sports Medicine Handbook: April 1988,
Revised June 1992: pp.24-25.
- Physician and Sports Medicine, Vol 13. No. 8, Aug
85.
FACTS YOU SHOULD KNOW
An estimated 250,000 concussions are sustained each
year in contact football and eight of these will result
in death.
Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA).
November 27, 1991:2867
Twenty procent of high school football players will
sustain a concussion during a single season and many
of these players will sustain more than one.
Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA).
November 27, 1991:2867
According to the Journal of the American Medical Assn.,
sport and recreational injuries cost over 18.5 billion
dollars annually and affect over 1 million Americans,
their families and the community.
Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA).
November 27. 1991:2867
Brain injury causes more deaths than any other sports
injury. In football for instance, brain injury accounts
for 65 to 85 percent of all fatalities. Football players
with a brain injury are six times as likely to sustain
a new injury.
TIME., December 12. 1994: 71-72, cited by Thigpen D.,
Chin Music.
Approximately 5% of all soccer players receive a brain
injury and there are an estimated 18 million players
in the United States.
Bruce DA L Sutton.LN, “Brain and cervical spine
injuries occurring during organized sports activities
in children and adolescents. “Primary Care 1994.
11:175-194.
In winter sports such as ice hockey, skiing, sledding,
and ice skating, brain injuries account for 46% of all
injuries.
National Pediatric Trauma Registry, Fact Sheet #3, October,
October 1993.
Brain injuries are common among 87% of all professional
boxers.
JAMA 1984: 251:2663-7.
60% of all eqiestrian related deaths are from brain
injuries.
National Electronic Injury Surveillance System 1991-91.
More than 5 million teeth are knocked out each year;
many occur during contact sports. An Athlete is 60 times
more likely to sustain damage to the teeth when not
wearing a protective mouthguard.
National Sports Youth Safety Foundation. Inc. “Fact
Sheet 1995-Dental Injuries.”
In 1993, Dr. Voight R. Hodgson, conducted a study for
N.O.C.S.A.E. and Bio-Mechanics Research Center, (Wayne
State University) on force-attenuation potential of
conventional mouthguards and the Jaw-Joint Protector.
The protector absorbed the force of impact to the jaw-joint
remarkably greater than did the traditional mouthguards.
Hodgson. V.R. “Standard Method of Impact Test
and Performance Requirements for Football Faceguards
and Mouthguards Impact Test 7 Load Ring Triaxial Accelerator
Model. “May 13, 1993.
The National Dental Association endorses and strongly
recommends the use of the WIPSS Jaw-Joint Protector
for all children and adults participating in athletic
competition.
National Dental Association- “General Assembly”
Chigago, Illinois, August 3, 1996.
The general assembly of the World Boxing Association
accepted the report of the WBA medical committee recommending
the worldwide use of the WIPPS Jaw-Joint Protector for
all a affiliate boxers.
World Boxing Association-“General Assembly”-
WBA Medical Committee. November 23,1995.
A new standard test method and performance specification
for Jaw-Joint Protectors is under the jurisdiction of
the ASTM Committee F-8 on Sports and Equipment and is
the direct responsibility of the Sub-Committee F08.53
on mouthguards.
ASTM-“Committee F-8 on Sports and Equipment-Sub-Committee
F08.53 on Mouthguards.
When the jaw joint is impacted, violent torces of acceleration
are applied to the brain. These accelerations alone
can result in brain injury and many cases are characterized
as concussion or knochouts. This can result in bone
fractures, damage to the delicate tissues at the base
of the skull, and repeated bleeding episodes at the
brain.
Dr. Edward D. Williams-“Clinical Study-reduce
the risk of concussions”-January 1997. |