Protetores Bucais Powerguard
 
SPORTS DENTISTRY BIBLIOGRAPHY & REFERENCES.
  • Padilla R, Balikov S, Sports Dentistry Coming of Age in the 90’s, Journal California Dental Association April 1993 p27-34.
  • Padilla R, Dorney B, Balikov S, Mouthgards-Prevention of Oral Injuries, Journal California Dental Association, March 1996, Vol 24, No.3.
  • Bailey D Physical Activity and the Attainment of Peak of Bone Mass in Children. The Australian Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 26 March/June 94 (1/2) : 3-5.
  • Tavener M, Payne W “The Effects of Participation in a ‘Health of Primary Schools Program’ on the Physical Fitness of Children” The Australian Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, September 1993 25 (3):84-85.
  • Flanders Raymond A Mohandas BHAT The Incidence of Oro Facial Injuries in Sport A Pilot Study in Ilinois JADA Vol 126, April 1995, pp 491-6.
  • Dental Injury Fact Sheet. National Youth Sports Foundation for the Prevention of Athletic Injury Inc. Needham, Massachusetts, C 1992.
  • Reports of Councils and Bureau’s Mouth Protectors: 11 Years on JADA Vol 86 June 1973.
  • Heintz W D Mouth Protection in Sports the Physician of Sportsmedicine Vol 7 No 2 Feb 1979.
  • Chapman PJ, Nasser B P Attitudes to Mouthgards an Prevalence of Orofacial Injuries in Four Teams Competing at the Second World Cup. British Journal Sports Medicine 1993: 27(3)pp 197-199.
  • Harmer P A “Protective Equipment in Womens Lacrosse”. Sport Health Australian Vol 11,No. 3, pp14-17.
  • Bolhuis J H A, Jeurs J M M, Floger G E Dental and Facial Injuries in International Field Hockey British Journal Sports Medicine Vol 21, No 4, Dec. 1987, pp 174-177.
  • Upson N Dental Injuries and the Attitudes of Rugby Players to Mouthgards British Journal Sports Medicine Vol 16 No 4 December 1982, pp 241-244.
  • Stokes A N, Chapman P J “Mouthgards, Dental Traumas and the 1990 All Blacks: “New Zealand Journal of Sports Medicine. Summer 1991, pp 66-67.
  • Dennis C, Parker D A S, Mouthgards in Australian Sport Australian Sport Australian Dental Journal, June 1972, pp226-235.
  • Chapman P J Conclusion in Contact Sports and Importance of Mouthgards in Protection the Australian Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, March 1995, 23-27.
  • Clegg J H, Letters to the Editor, British Dental Journal 1966, October 4.
  • Turner C H. Mouth Protectors British Dental Journal, Vol 143 No 3, 1977 pp 82-86.
  • Davis G T and Knott S C Dental Trauma in Australia, Australian Dental Journal, August 1984. Vol. 29, No. 4, pp 217-231.
  • Brisbane Australia Sunday Mail 25/06/95 Article “Brisbane Schoolboy Swallows Mouthgard”.
  • Guevara P A, Ranalli D N Techniques for Mouthguard Fabrication Dental Clinics of North America, Vol 35, No 4, Oct 1991, pp 667-67.
  • Chaconas S J, Caputo A A, Bakke N K A Comparison of Athletic Mouthguard Materials The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 1985 Vol 13, No 3, pp 193-197.
  • Pinkham J R, Kohn D W Epidemiology and Prediction of Sports Related Traumatic Injuries, Dental Clinics of America, Vol 35, No 4, October 1991, pp 609-625.
  • Duda M Which Athletes Should Wear Mouthguards? The Physician and Sports Medicines, Vol 15, No 9, September 87.
  • Stenger J.M., Mouthguards: Protection Against Shock to Head Neck and Teeth, JADA 1964, 69:273-281.
  • Hardcourt, J.K. Aust. Dent Journal, 1989:34:5 pp485.
  • Hickey, Judson C., Morris, Alvin L., Carlson, Loren D., Seward, Thomas E., the Relation of Mouth Protectors to Cranial Pressure and Deformation, JADA, Vol. 74, March 1967.
  • Stenger, John M., Physiologic Dentistry with Notre Dame Players, Basal Facts, Spring, 1977;2(1):8-18.
  • Chapman J. Patrick, Football Club and Boxing Medical Officer, Consultant Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Concussion in Contact Sports and Importance of Mouthguards in Protection, Australian Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, March 1995.
  • Consumer Product Safety Commission Study, 1990.
  • American Dental Association, Council on Dental Materials, Mouth protectors and Sports Team Dentists. JADA 1984;109:84-87.
  • Hunter, Keith DDS, Practical Tips, Dental Outlook, Volume 15, No.3, September 1988, Australia.
  • Park et al, Methods of Improved Mouthguards, First International Symposium on Biomaterials, Teajon, Korea, August 1993.
  • Biostar Machine. Great Lakes Orthodontics LTD, 199 Firetower Drive, Tonawanda, NY 114150.
  • Signature Mouthguards Pty Limited, Peter Burns, Managing Director. Level 1, 15 Carlotte Street, Artarmon NSW 2064, Australia. 011-61-2-437-5600.
  • Playsafe mouthguards, Erkodent, Peter Kopp, Managing Director. Siemensstrasse 3, D-72285 Pfalzgrafenweiler. 011-49-7445/8501-0.
    Manufactured in the U.S. by Glidewell Laboratories, Newport Beach, California.
  • Erkopress-2004, Erkodent, Peter Kopp, Managing Director. Siemensstrasse 3, D-72285 Pfalzgrafenweiler. 011-49-7445/8501-0.
  • Dreve, Volker DDS, Dreve-Dentamid GMBH, 59423 Unna, Germany, Max-Planck-Strasse 31.
  • NCAA Guideline 2F, Eating Disorders- Anorexia and Bulimia. 1992-93 NCAA Sports Medicine Handbook Jan. 1986, revised June 1992 pg. 20-21.
  • Manske, K.A.: Progress on Smokeless Tobacco Intervention and the Use of Mint Snuff 1990-1992. Tobacco Intervention Network Position Paper, Gresham, Oregon.
    J.O. Andreasen and F.M. Andreasen: Essentials of Traumatic Injuries to the Teeth. Munksgaard Publishing, 1991, pp 11-12.
  • Torg, J.S.: Athletic Injuries to the Head, Neck, and Face. 2nd ed., Mosby Year Book, 1991, pp635.
  • Bishop BM, Davies EH, von Fraunhofer JA: Material for mouth protectors. J Prosthet Dent 1985; 53:256-261.
  • Kranser P.: Treatment of Tooth Avulsion in the Emergency Department: Appropriate Storage and Transport Media; American Journal of Emergency Medicine. Vol.8, No.4, W.B. Saunders Co., July 1990., pg 351.
  • Andreassen J.O., Andreassen F.M.: Essentials of Traumatic Injuries to the Teeth; Munksgaard, Copenhagen, 1991, pg 136.
  • Kruger, G.O.: Textbook of Oral Surgery; The C.V. Mosby Co., St Louis, Mo., 3rd ed. 1968,
    p. 381.
  • Handler, SD: Diagnosis and Management of Maxillofacial Injuries, Chapter 40; Torg JS, Athletic injuries to the Head, Neck, and Face; Mosby Year Book, 1991, pp628-631.
  • Kruger, G.O.: Textbook of Oral Surgery; The C.V. Mosby Co., St Louis, Mo., 3rd ed. 1968, pg 382.
  • Fact Sheet, Baseball Injuries: National Youth Sports Foundation for the Prevention of Athletic Injuries; Needham, Mass., 1992.
    Ranalli, DN: Prevention of Craniofacial Injuries in Football; The Dental Clinics of North America, Sports Dentistry; Vol 35, No.4, Oct. 1991, Saunders, pp635.
  • Kerr, L.I.: Mouthguards for the Prevention of Injuries in Contact Sports; Sports Medicine, 1986, pp 415-427.
  • NCAA: 1992 NCAA Football Rules and Interpretations; Overland Park, Kansas, 1992.
  • Kuebker W., Morrow R., Cohen P.: Do Mouth-formed Mouth Guards Meet the NCAA Rules? Physician and Sports Medicine Vol. 14, No 6 June 1986 pp. 69-74.
  • Holland G.J. et al: Custom vs. Commercial Mouthguard Use; Effect on Exercise Metalbolic-Verilatory Response of Trained Distance Runners, NSCA Journal of Applied Sports Science Research, Vol. 3, 1989.
  • Hildebrandt JR, Garner Nelson J: Mouthguard Protection for Boxing; U.S. Olympic Committee, 1990.
  • Ranalli DN: Prevention of Craniofacial Injuries in Football; The Dental Clinics of North America, Sports Dentistry; Vol.35, No.4, Oct. 1991, Saunders, pp 636.
  • Transmission of HIV-1 Infection via Sports Injury; Lancet, May 5, 1990, pg. 1105.
  • Seltzer DG: Educating Athletes on HIV Disease and AIDS. Physician and Sports Medicine 1993;21 (1): pp 109-115.
  • NCAA Guidelines 2H, AIDS and Intercollegiate Athletics. 1992-93 NCAA Sports Medicine Handbook: April 1988, Revised June 1992: pp.24-25.
  • Physician and Sports Medicine, Vol 13. No. 8, Aug 85.


FACTS YOU SHOULD KNOW

An estimated 250,000 concussions are sustained each year in contact football and eight of these will result in death.
Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA). November 27, 1991:2867

Twenty procent of high school football players will sustain a concussion during a single season and many of these players will sustain more than one.
Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA). November 27, 1991:2867

According to the Journal of the American Medical Assn., sport and recreational injuries cost over 18.5 billion dollars annually and affect over 1 million Americans, their families and the community.
Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA). November 27. 1991:2867

Brain injury causes more deaths than any other sports injury. In football for instance, brain injury accounts for 65 to 85 percent of all fatalities. Football players with a brain injury are six times as likely to sustain a new injury.
TIME., December 12. 1994: 71-72, cited by Thigpen D., Chin Music.

Approximately 5% of all soccer players receive a brain injury and there are an estimated 18 million players in the United States.
Bruce DA L Sutton.LN, “Brain and cervical spine injuries occurring during organized sports activities in children and adolescents. “Primary Care 1994. 11:175-194.

In winter sports such as ice hockey, skiing, sledding, and ice skating, brain injuries account for 46% of all injuries.
National Pediatric Trauma Registry, Fact Sheet #3, October, October 1993.

Brain injuries are common among 87% of all professional boxers.
JAMA 1984: 251:2663-7.

60% of all eqiestrian related deaths are from brain injuries.
National Electronic Injury Surveillance System 1991-91.

More than 5 million teeth are knocked out each year; many occur during contact sports. An Athlete is 60 times more likely to sustain damage to the teeth when not wearing a protective mouthguard.
National Sports Youth Safety Foundation. Inc. “Fact Sheet 1995-Dental Injuries.”

In 1993, Dr. Voight R. Hodgson, conducted a study for N.O.C.S.A.E. and Bio-Mechanics Research Center, (Wayne State University) on force-attenuation potential of conventional mouthguards and the Jaw-Joint Protector. The protector absorbed the force of impact to the jaw-joint remarkably greater than did the traditional mouthguards.
Hodgson. V.R. “Standard Method of Impact Test and Performance Requirements for Football Faceguards and Mouthguards Impact Test 7 Load Ring Triaxial Accelerator Model. “May 13, 1993.

The National Dental Association endorses and strongly recommends the use of the WIPSS Jaw-Joint Protector for all children and adults participating in athletic competition.
National Dental Association- “General Assembly” Chigago, Illinois, August 3, 1996.

The general assembly of the World Boxing Association accepted the report of the WBA medical committee recommending the worldwide use of the WIPPS Jaw-Joint Protector for all a affiliate boxers.
World Boxing Association-“General Assembly”- WBA Medical Committee. November 23,1995.

A new standard test method and performance specification for Jaw-Joint Protectors is under the jurisdiction of the ASTM Committee F-8 on Sports and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of the Sub-Committee F08.53 on mouthguards.
ASTM-“Committee F-8 on Sports and Equipment-Sub-Committee F08.53 on Mouthguards.

When the jaw joint is impacted, violent torces of acceleration are applied to the brain. These accelerations alone can result in brain injury and many cases are characterized as concussion or knochouts. This can result in bone fractures, damage to the delicate tissues at the base of the skull, and repeated bleeding episodes at the brain.
Dr. Edward D. Williams-“Clinical Study-reduce the risk of concussions”-January 1997.